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题目

Merchandise inventory at the end of the year is overstated. Which of the following statements correctly states the effect of the error?A. owner's equity is overstatedB. net income is understatedC. gross profit is understatedD. cost of merchandise sold is overstated

Merchandise inventory at the end of the year is overstated. Which of the following statements correctly states the effect of the error?

A. owner's equity is overstated

B. net income is understated

C. gross profit is understated

D. cost of merchandise sold is overstated

题目解答

答案

A. owner's equity is overstated

解析

本题考查存货计价错误对财务报表各项目的影响这一知识点。解题思路是先明确存货与销售成本、毛利润、净利润以及所有者权益之间的关系,再根据年末存货高估这一条件,逐步分析各项目的变化情况。

各项目关系分析

  • 销售成本(Cost of merchandise sold)的计算公式为:$Cost\ of\ merchandise\ sold = Beginning\ inventory + Purchases - Ending\ inventory$。
  • 毛利润(Gross profit)的计算公式为:$Gross\ profit = Net\ sales - Cost\ of\ merchandise\ sold$。
  • 净利润(Net income)是在毛利润的基础上扣除各项费用后得到的,通常情况下,毛利润增加会使净利润增加。
  • 所有者权益(Owner's equity)会受到净利润的影响,净利润增加会使所有者权益增加。

具体分析过程

  • 销售成本的变化:
    已知年末存货(Ending inventory)高估,根据销售成本的计算公式,在期初存货(Beginning inventory)和采购(Purchases)不变的情况下,高估的年末存货会使销售成本低估。即$Cost\ of\ merchandise\ sold$会变小。
  • 毛利润的变化:
    因为销售成本低估,根据毛利润的计算公式,在净销售额(Net sales)不变的情况下,低估的销售成本会使毛利润高估。即$Gross\ profit$会变大。
  • 净利润的变化:
    由于毛利润高估,通常情况下净利润也会高估。
  • 所有者权益的变化:
    因为净利润高估,而所有者权益会受到净利润的影响,所以所有者权益会高估。

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