Merchandise inventory at the end of the year is overstated. Which of the following statements correctly states the effect of the error?A. owner's equity is overstatedB. cost of merchandise sold is overstatedC. gross profit is understatedD. net income is understated
A. owner's equity is overstated
B. cost of merchandise sold is overstated
C. gross profit is understated
D. net income is understated
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查的是存货高估对财务报表各项目的影响,解题思路是根据存货与成本、利润、所有者权益之间的关系,逐步分析存货高估所带来的连锁影响。
1. 明确存货与成本的关系
存货(Merchandise inventory)是企业用于销售的商品。在会计核算中,成本 of merchandise sold(销售商品成本)的计算公式为:
$\text{Cost of merchandise sold}=\text{Beginning inventory}+\text{Purchases}-\text{Ending inventory}$
当期末存货(Ending inventory)被高估时,根据上述公式,销售商品成本就会被低估。
2. 分析销售商品成本低估对毛利润的影响
毛利润(Gross profit)的计算公式为:
$\text{Gross profit}=\text{Net sales}-\text{Cost of merchandise sold}$
由于销售商品成本被低估,在净销售额(Net sales)不变的情况下,毛利润就会被高估。
3. 分析毛利润高估对净利润的影响
净利润(Net income)是在毛利润的基础上,扣除各项费用后得到的。因为毛利润被高估,所以净利润也会被高估。
4. 分析净利润高估对所有者权益的影响
所有者权益(Owner's equity)的计算公式为:
$\text{Owner's equity}=\text{Beginning owner's equity}+\text{Net income}-\text{Dividends}$
由于净利润被高估,在期初所有者权益和股利不变的情况下,所有者权益就会被高估。