设 z = ln(x^2 + y^2),则 dz|(1,1) 等于( )A. (1)/(2)dx + (1)/(2)dyB. dx + dyC. 2dx + 2dyD. (1)/(4)dx + (1)/(4)dy
A. $\frac{1}{2}dx + \frac{1}{2}dy$
B. $dx + dy$
C. $2dx + 2dy$
D. $\frac{1}{4}dx + \frac{1}{4}dy$
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查多元函数全微分的计算。解题思路是先求出函数$z = \ln(x^2 + y^2)$关于$x$和$y$的偏导数,再将点$(1,1)$代入偏导数中,最后根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$计算$dz|_{(1,1)}$。
步骤一:求$z$关于$x$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$
根据复合函数求导法则,若$z = \ln(u)$,$u = x^2 + y^2$,则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$。
- 对$z = \ln(u)$关于$u$求导,可得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}=\frac{1}{u}$。
- 对$u = x^2 + y^2$关于$x$求导,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=2x$。
将$u = x^2 + y^2$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}$,再根据复合函数求导法则可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{1}{x^2 + y^2}\cdot 2x=\frac{2x}{x^2 + y^2}$
步骤二:求$z$关于$y$的偏导数$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$
同样根据复合函数求导法则,$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}$。
- 已求得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}=\frac{1}{u}$。
- 对$u = x^2 + y^2$关于$y$求导,可得$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y}=2y$。
将$u = x^2 + y^2$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}$,再根据复合函数求导法则可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}=\frac{1}{x^2 + y^2}\cdot 2y=\frac{2y}{x^2 + y^2}$
步骤三:将点$(1,1)$代入偏导数中
- 将$(1,1)$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}|_{(1,1)}=\frac{2\times 1}{1^2 + 1^2}=\frac{2}{2}=1$ - 将$(1,1)$代入$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}|_{(1,1)}=\frac{2\times 1}{1^2 + 1^2}=\frac{2}{2}=1$
步骤四:计算$dz|_{(1,1)}$
根据全微分公式$dz=\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx+\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$,将$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}|_{(1,1)} = 1$和$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}|_{(1,1)} = 1$代入可得:
$dz|_{(1,1)} = 1\cdot dx + 1\cdot dy = dx + dy$