[题目]设D是一个三阶行列式,α1,α2 α3分别是其-|||-第1,2,3列,已知 D=2, 求 |3(a)_(2)+2(a)_(3)cdot (a)_(1),-2(a)_(2)|

题目解答
答案

解析
本题主要考察三阶行列式的性质,包括行列式的列变换性质、数乘性质以及交换列的性质,具体解题思路如下:
步骤1:明确行列式的列向量表示
三阶行列式可表示为列向量的线性组合形式:若原行列式$D = |\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha3| = 2$(注:题目中$\alpha22$应为$\alpha_2$的笔误修正),则所求行列式为$|3\alpha_2 + 2\alpha_3, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2|$(注:$alpha$应为$\alpha$),即列向量依次为$3\alpha_2 + 2\alpha3$、$\alpha1$、$-2\alpha2$。
步骤2:利用行列式的列可加性拆分第一列
行列式的第一列是$3\alpha_2 + 2\alpha_3$,根据列可加性(若某列是两向量之和,则行列式可拆为两个行列式之和):
$|3\alpha_1', \alpha_1, \alpha_2'| = |\alpha_1^{(1)}, \alpha_1, \alpha_alpha_2'| + |\alpha_1^{(2)}, \alpha_1, \alpha_2'|$
代入得:
$|3\alpha_2 + 2\alpha_3, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2| = |3|\alpha_2, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2| + 2|\alpha_3, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2|$
步骤3:化简第一个行列式$3|\alpha_2, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2|$
- 性质1:数乘列向量:若某列乘以常数$k$,行列式变为$k$倍:$|-2\alpha_2| = (-2)|\alpha_2|$,故:
$|\alpha_2, \alpha_1, \alpha_2| = 3 \times (-2)|\alpha_2, \alpha1, \alpha_1, \alpha_2| = -6|\alpha_2, \alpha_1, \alpha_2|$ - 性质2:两列相同,行列式为0:$|\alpha_2, \alpha_1, \alpha_2|$中第一列和第三列相同,故值为0:
$-6 \times 0 = 0$
步骤4:化简第二个行列式$2|\alpha_3, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2|$
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数乘列向量:$|-2\alpha_2| = (-2)|\alpha_2|$,故:
$2 \|\2 \cdot (-2)|\alpha_3, \alpha_1, \alpha_2| = -4|\alpha_3, \alpha\, \alpha_1, \alpha_2|$ -
交换列变换:原行列式$D = |\alpha\有 \alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3| = 2$,交换列改变符号:
- 交换$\(\alpha_3, \alpha_1$):$|\alpha_3, \alpha_1, \alpha_2| = -|\alpha_1, \alpha_3, \alpha_2|$(1次交换,符号变号:$-|\alpha_1, \alpha_3, \alpha_2|$)
- 再交换($\alpha_3, \alpha_2$):$|\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3|)(2次交换,符号不变:\(+|\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3| = D = 2$)
- 总:$|\alpha_3, \alpha_1, \alpha_2| = -|\alpha_1, \alpha_2, \alpha_3| = -2$
-
代入计算:$-4 \times (-2) = 8$
步骤5:求和得最终结果
第一个行列式为0,第二个为8,故:
$|3\alpha_2 + 2\alpha_3, \alpha_1, -2\alpha_2| = 0 + 8 = 8$