设z=u^2+v^2,u=x+2y,v=x-2y,则(partial z)/(partial x)=( )A. 4u-2vB. 4u+2vC. 2u-2vD. 2u+2v
A. 4u-2v
B. 4u+2v
C. 2u-2v
D. 2u+2v
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查复合函数求偏导数的知识。解题思路是利用复合函数求偏导的链式法则,先分别求出$z$对$u$、$v$的偏导数,以及$u$、$v$对$x$的偏导数,再根据链式法则计算$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$。
步骤一:求$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}$和$\frac{\partial z}{\partial v}$
已知$z = u^2 + v^2$,对$z$关于$u$求偏导数,此时把$v$看作常数,根据求导公式$(X^n)^\prime=nX^{n - 1}$可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}=\frac{\partial (u^2 + v^2)}{\partial u}=2u$
对$z$关于$v$求偏导数,此时把$u$看作常数,同理可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial v}=\frac{\partial (u^2 + v^2)}{\partial v}=2v$
步骤二:求$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$和$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$
已知$u = x + 2y$,对$u$关于$x$求偏导数,此时把$y$看作常数,可得:
$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial (x + 2y)}{\partial x}=1$
已知$v = x - 2y$,对$v$关于$x$求偏导数,此时把$y$看作常数,可得:
$\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial (x - 2y)}{\partial x}=1$
步骤三:根据链式法则求$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$
根据复合函数求偏导的链式法则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=\frac{\partial z}{\partial u}\cdot\frac{\partial u}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial z}{\partial v}\cdot\frac{\partial v}{\partial x}$,将上面所求的结果代入可得:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=2u\times1 + 2v\times1=2u + 2v$