题目
9.设z=e^xy-cos e^xy,则dz=().(A)e^xy(1-xsin e^xy)(ydx-dy) (B)e^xy(1+sin e^xy)(ydx+xdy)(C)xe^xy(1-ysin e^xy)(dx+dy) (D)xe^xy(1+sin e^xy)(dx-dy)
9.设$z=e^{xy}-\cos e^{xy}$,则dz=().
(A)$e^{xy}(1-x\sin e^{xy})(ydx-dy)$ (B)$e^{xy}(1+\sin e^{xy})(ydx+xdy)$
(C)$xe^{xy}(1-y\sin e^{xy})(dx+dy)$ (D)$xe^{xy}(1+\sin e^{xy})(dx-dy)$
题目解答
答案
设 $ u = e^{xy} $,则 $ z = u - \cos u $。
计算偏导数:
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = (1 + \sin u) \cdot y e^{xy}$
$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = (1 + \sin u) \cdot x e^{xy}$
全微分:
$dz = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} dx + \frac{\partial z}{\partial y} dy = e^{xy} (1 + \sin e^{xy}) (y dx + x dy)$
对应选项 B。
答案:$\boxed{B}$
解析
本题考查多元函数全微分的计算。解题思路是先通过换元法简化函数,再利用复合函数求导法则求出函数对各个自变量的偏导数,最后根据全微分公式$dz = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx + \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$计算出全微分。
- 换元简化函数:
设$u = e^{xy}$,则原函数$z = e^{xy}-\cos e^{xy}$可转化为$z = u - \cos u$。 - 求$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}$:
根据复合函数求导法则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial x}$。- 先对$z = u - \cos u$关于$u$求导,根据求导公式$(X^n)^\prime=nX^{n - 1}$,$(\cos X)^\prime=-\sin X$可得:$\frac{dz}{du} = 1 + \sin u$。
- 再对$u = e^{xy}$关于$x$求偏导数,把$y$看作常数,根据求导公式$(e^X)^\prime=e^X$可得:$\frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = y e^{xy}$。
- 所以$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial x} = (1 + \sin u) \cdot y e^{xy}$,将$u = e^{xy}$代回得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})y$。
- 求$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y}$:
同样根据复合函数求导法则$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial y}$。- 前面已求得$\frac{dz}{du} = 1 + \sin u$。
- 对$u = e^{xy}$关于$y$求偏导数,把$x$看作常数,根据求导公式$(e^X)^\prime=e^X$可得:$\frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = x e^{xy}$。
- 所以$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = \frac{dz}{du} \cdot \frac{\partial u}{\partial y} = (1 + \sin u) \cdot x e^{xy}$,将$u = e^{xy}$代回得$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})x$。
- 计算全微分$dz$:
根据全微分公式$dz = \frac{\partial z}{\partial x}dx + \frac{\partial z}{\partial y}dy$,将$\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})y$和$\frac{\partial z}{\partial y} = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})x$代入可得:
$dz = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})y dx + e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})x dy = e^{xy}(1 + \sin e^{xy})(y dx + x dy)$。