7.(单选题,5分)下面可以成为一个向量的方向余弦的三个数是( ).A. (1)/(3),(2)/(3),(2)/(3)B. (1)/(4),-(1)/(4),(3)/(44)C. (1)/(5),(2)/(5),-(2)/(5)D. (1)/(2),(1)/(2),(1)/(2)
A. $\frac{1}{3},\frac{2}{3},\frac{2}{3}$
B. $\frac{1}{4},-\frac{1}{4},\frac{3}{44}$
C. $\frac{1}{5},\frac{2}{5},-\frac{2}{5}$
D. $\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}$
题目解答
答案
解析
本题考查向量方向余弦的性质。解题思路是根据向量方向余弦的性质,即向量的方向余弦的平方和等于$1$,对每个选项中的三个数进行验证,看哪个选项满足该性质。
选项A
设三个数分别为$l = \frac{1}{3}$,$m = \frac{2}{3}$,$n = \frac{2}{3}$,计算$l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}$的值:
$\begin{align*}l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}&=(\frac{1}{3})^{2}+(\frac{2}{3})^{2}+(\frac{2}{3})^{2}\\&=\frac{1}{9}+\frac{4}{9}+\frac{4}{9}\\&=\frac{1 + 4 + 4}{9}\\&=\frac{9}{9}\\&= 1\end{align*}$
满足向量方向余弦的性质,所以选项A正确。
选项B
设三个数分别为$l = \frac{1}{4}$,$m = -\frac{1}{4}$,$n = \frac{3}{44}$,计算$l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}$的值:
$\begin{align*}l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}&=(\frac{1}{4})^{2}+(-\frac{1}{4})^{2}+(\frac{3}{44})^{2}\\&=\frac{1}{16}+\frac{1}{16}+\frac{9}{1936}\\&=\frac{11}{176}+\frac{11}{176}+\frac{9}{1936}\\&=\frac{22}{176}+\frac{9}{1936}\\&=\frac{242}{1936}+\frac{9}{1936}\\&=\frac{242 + 9}{1936}\\&=\frac{251}{1936}\neq 1\end{align*}$
不满足向量方向余弦的性质,所以选项B错误。
选项C
设三个数分别为$l = \frac{1}{5}$,$m = \frac{2}{5}$,$n = -\frac{2}{5}$,计算$l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}$的值:
$\begin{align*}l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}&=(\frac{1}{5})^{2}+(\frac{2}{5})^{2}+(-\frac{2}{5})^{2}\\&=\frac{1}{25}+\frac{4}{25}+\frac{4}{25}\\&=\frac{1 + 4 + 4}{25}\\&=\frac{9}{25}\neq 1\end{align*}$
不满足向量方向余弦的性质,所以选项C错误。
选项D
设三个数分别为$l = \frac{1}{2}$,$m = \frac{1}{2}$,$n = \frac{1}{2}$,计算$l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}$的值:
$\begin{align*}l^{2}+m^{2}+n^{2}&=(\frac{1}{2})^{2}+(\frac{1}{2})^{2}+(\frac{1}{2})^{2}\\&=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\\&=\frac{1 + 1 + 1}{4}\\&=\frac{3}{4}\neq 1\end{align*}$
不满足向量方向余弦的性质,所以选项D错误。