题目
3.设函数y=y(x)由方程sqrt(ysqrt(1+y)-ln(sqrt(y)+sqrt(1+y))=x)确定,试求导数(dy)/(dx).
3.设函数$y=y(x)$由方程$\sqrt{y\sqrt{1+y}-ln(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{1+y})=x}$确定,试求导数$\frac{dy}{dx}$.
题目解答
答案
为了求解由方程 $\sqrt{y\sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y})} = x$ 确定的函数 $y = y(x)$ 的导数 $\frac{dy}{dx}$,我们首先需要对等式两边进行求导。下面是一个分步的求解过程:
1. **将方程两边平方以消除根号:**
\[
y\sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y}) = x^2
\]
2. **对等式两边关于 $x$ 求导:**
\[
\frac{d}{dx} \left( y\sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y}) \right) = \frac{d}{dx} (x^2)
\]
右边的导数是:
\[
\frac{d}{dx} (x^2) = 2x
\]
3. **使用乘积法则和链式法则对左边求导:**
\[
\frac{d}{dx} \left( y\sqrt{1+y} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \sqrt{1+y} + y \cdot \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \sqrt{1+y} + \frac{y}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{2(1+y) + y}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{2 + 3y}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \right)
\]
\[
\frac{d}{dx} \left( \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y}) \right) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y}} \cdot \left( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{y}} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} \right) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y}} \cdot \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{y}} + \frac{1}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}} \right)
\]
所以,左边的导数是:
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{2 + 3y}{2\sqrt{1+y}} \right) - \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{1}{2\sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{2 + 3y}{2\sqrt{1+y}} - \frac{1}{2\sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}} \right) = \frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{(2 + 3y)\sqrt{y} - 1}{2\sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}} \right)
\]
4. **将左右两边的导数相等:**
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} \left( \frac{(2 + 3y)\sqrt{y} - 1}{2\sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}} \right) = 2x
\]
5. **解出 $\frac{dy}{dx}$:**
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4x \sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}}{(2 + 3y)\sqrt{y} - 1}
\]
6. **将 $x = \sqrt{y\sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y})}$ 代入:**
\[
\frac{dy}{dx} = \frac{4 \sqrt{y\sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y})} \sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y}}{(2 + 3y)\sqrt{y} - 1}
\]
因此,导数 $\frac{dy}{dx}$ 为:
\[
\boxed{\frac{2 \sqrt{y} \sqrt{1+y} \sqrt{y \sqrt{1+y} - \ln(\sqrt{y} + \sqrt{1+y})}}{(2 + 3y) \sqrt{y} - 1}}
\]