Our _ _ concern is to provide the refugees with food and health careA. primitiveB. primacyC. primaryD. prior

It's important for the child to understand the difference _______ these two alternatives.

When inquired by the policeman, Jeff tried to keep his _ and answer every question calmly.A. composureB. poseC. soberD. posture

({B)}End Your Back Pain({/B)} Like an expensive but temperamental sports car, the human spin is beautifully designed and maddeningly unreliable. If you are a living, breathing human being, you have probably suffered the agony of back pain. And as long as people continue to lead overweight, sedentary and stressful lives, the number of sufferers is unlikely to go anywhere other than up. As it does, armies of new back-pain sufferers, many desperate and even disabled, will seek relief. When they do, they’ll quickly discover just how complicated their problem really is, with its mystifying mix of physical symptoms and psychological underpinnings. The reality is that the agony will often go away on its own ― impossible as that may seem when you are writhing (痛苦扭曲) on the kitchen floor. The Great Pain Mystery Back pain can originate anywhere in the elaborate spinal architecture. Degenerated discs (椎间盘), which many lead to herniation (突出) and compressed nerves, are a common problem. Then there those wrenching pain provoked by muscle injuries, which can drop grown men to the floor. What’s most mysterious about back problems is the frequent disconnect between anatomical defects and pain. Unlike blood pressure and cholesterol (胆固醇), which could be measured with arm cuffs and blood tests, lower-back pain has no objective way ― the volume of tears the intensity of a grimace ― to be gauged. Many times, the precise cause of pain remains unknown. Imaging tests found that two people with herniated discs can lead radically different lives: One spends his days popping painkillers, the other waltzes through life. In a well-known study, researchers checked 98 healthy people: Two-thirds had abnormal discs even though none complained of pain. The real issue is why some people have a mild backache and some have really crippling pain. In another research, experts compared a group of patients who reported back pain with a control group who did not. Close to two-thirds if the pain patients had cracks in their discs, so-called high-intensity zones, or HIZs. But so did 24 percent of the non-complainers. The answer has as much to do with the mind as with the body. In the HIZ study, the best predictor of pain was not how bad the defect looked, but the patient’s psychological distress. Depression and anxiety have long been linked to pain; a recent Canadian study found that people who suffer from severe depression are four times more likely to develop intense or disabling neck or low-back pain. At New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery, psychiatrist Gregory Lutz says he often sees men who have two things in common: crippling sciatica (坐骨神经痛) and an upcoming wedding date. The problem in their back, possibly a degenerated or herniated disc, likely already existed, says Dr. Lutz, but was intensified by the pre-marriage jitters.({B)}Spine Surgery Breakthrough({/B)} Pain is pain, and many want a quick fix and that means surgery. Spinal-fusion surgery, one of the most invasive and costly forms of therapy (about ＄42,000) has more than doubled in the US since 1993, to about 350,000 in 2003. Discectomy, which is done less invasively, has also spiked to 342,000 surgeries per year. But these procedures don’t work for everyone. The increase in all spinal surgery has been promoted in part by technical advances promising better outcomes. Perhaps the most intriguing new development is the artificial cobalt-chrome disc. In October 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first such disc, the Charite, for patients with degenerative disc disease. The three-piece device has a sliding medical-grade plastic core sandwiched between two metal plates, which allows the spine to move. It is believed that, such discs, like knee replacements, will give patients more mobility than traditional fusion surgery. And they will get out of bed a lot sooner too. The key is to be very specific and very careful about patient selection. Not everyone who has disc degeneration should have an operation.({B)}Alternative Treatments({/B)} Doctors, worried that too many patients seem willing to go under the knife, are now looking for simpler, more effective ways to treat one of the most vexing problems in medicine. For more and more people with back pain, alternative therapies are the way to go. Chiropractic care (指压疗法), the most popular nonsurgical back therapy, is booming, with 60,000 chiropractors practising in the US today. Some happy clients visit their chiropractors more often than their hair stylists. Experts generally agree that the treatment, which involves manipulation of the joints and tissues of the spine, is safe for the lower back. It provides modest benefits equivalent to those of conventional treatments. Massage has an increasing number of proponents, and research shows it can help knead ont (揉掉) persistent pain. Steven Smith, a physical therapist at the Schuldt Performance uses massage on back-pain sufferers to loosen up muscles and increase blood flow. It’s not exactly a spa-like experience, though. "You’ve got to get in there deep to break the pain." Acupuncture (针灸) is also popular. The first large trial of the practice is now conducted at New York’s Integrative Care Center, where therapist push the tiny needles into the patients. Acupuncture seems to stimulate the release of feel-good endorphins, has a cumulative effect. Patients describe a lingering euphoria, a nice happy state whether you’ve got a back problem or not.({B)}An Integrative Approach({/B)} Jordan, a long-term back-pain sufferer, tried every wacky thing out there. "Faith healing, hanging from the ceiling, clicking my heels together and wishing I was home, you name it, I’ve done it." Last year, feeling especially distressed, he tried biofeedback, a technique that trains him to distance himself from the pain. "I never get rid of the pain, but these treatments provide some relief." says Jordan. If patients’ attitudes can help the pain, can more creative thinking among the experts improve the odds of beating it Dr. Eisenberg, head of Harvard Medical School’s Osher Institute, is spearheading an National Institutes of Health-funded pilot program to find out. A diverse group of 25 specialists meet regularly to educate one another on how they diagnose and treat back pain. They intend to see if there is a more efficient, multi-disciplinary way to attack the problem, and to make it cost-effective too. No wonder there’s a flood of interest in alternative medicine. Even New York’s Hospital for Special Surgery opened a complementary-medicine center four years ago. Now about 13,000 patients a year, many with bad back, see its rehab specialists, massage therapists and chiropractors, as well as taking yoga and tai chi classes any noninvasive approach they can find to relieve the pain.({B)}Can Rage Ruin Your Back ({/B)} Dr. Sarno, a professor at New York University School of Medicine, believes almost all back pain is rooted in bottled-up feelings. Samo explains how repressed rage and anxiety can stress the body, eventually manifesting itself as muscle spasm (抽搐), nerve dysfunction, numbness and pain. Recovery begins with recognition the connection between the body and the mind. "Pain is created by the brain to make sure the rage doesn’t come out." says Sarno. But skeptics say Samo is offering a placebo (安慰剂), which could miss the true cause of the pain. After centuries of agony, humanity could certainly use some relief. But more important than the success of any treatment is the good news that back-pain sufferers and doctors are embracing bold new ways to think about the most exquisite and frustrating work of art: the spine. (1,270 words)What’s so mysterious about back problems A．The impossibility to measure the intensity of the pain.B．The unknown origin of the pain.C．The disconnect between spine defects and pain.D．The low percentage of people with abnormal discs among the healthy.

Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.1 What advice would you give to those who want to be closer to their parents?2 What traditional values do your parents hold? How have they influenced you with their words and deeds?

1 Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct preposition or adverb in parentheses. 1 We often take language ( for / as ) granted but there are still many mysteries about it to solve . 2 As no country can develop by staying isolated ( from / up ) the world, foreign language education is an essential part of national development .3 English words borrowed from Chinese can shed light ( on / in ) the history of communication between China and English - speaking countries. 4 Chinese characters can be a window ( through / with ) which you can get a glimpse of Chinese culture. 5 Learning another language means that you can see the world ( at / from ) a new perspective.

Twenty years ago,I was at a party, talking to a man whose name I have long since-|||-forgotten. Sometimes I think this man came into my life for the sole purpose of telling me this-|||-story,which has delighted and inspired me ever since.-|||-The story he told me was about his younger brother,who was trying to be an artist;it-|||-was a real story about how brave, creative, and trusting his brother was.For the purpose of-|||-this story, let`s call the little brother Little Brother.-|||-Little Brother,a young painter, went to France to surround himself with beauty and inspiration.-|||-He lived on the cheap, painted every day, visited museums, traveled to picturesque places,-|||-bravely spoke to everyone he met,and showed his work to anyone who would look at it.One-|||-afternoon, he struck up a conversation at a cafe with a group of charming young people, who-|||-turned out to be some fancy nobles. They took a liking to Little Brother and invited him to a-|||-party that weekend in a castle in the Loire Valley. They said this was going to be the party-|||-of the year.It would be attended by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of-|||-Europe. Best of all,it was a masquerade ball (化妆舞会),where nobody would hesitate in their-|||-spending on the costumes(特殊场合穿的套服).Dress up",they said,"and join us!"-|||-Excited, Little Brother worked all week on a costume that he was certain would be highly-|||-impressive. He held back on neither the details nor the imagination of this creation. Then he-|||-rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. He changed into his costume in the car and-|||-went up the castle steps.Little Brother entered the ballroom, head held high.-|||-Upon arrival, he immediately realized his mistake.-|||-This was indeed a costume party-his new friends had not misled him there-but he had-|||-missed one detail in translation:This was a themed costume party. The theme was "a medieval-|||-court." and Little Brother was dressed as a lobster(龙虾).-|||-All around him,the wealthy and beautiful were dressed in fancy clothes,wearing-|||-sparkling jewels. Little Brother,on the other hand, was wearing a red coat,red tights, redTwenty years ago,I was at a party, talking to a man whose name I have long since-|||-forgotten. Sometimes I think this man came into my life for the sole purpose of telling me this-|||-story,which has delighted and inspired me ever since.-|||-The story he told me was about his younger brother,who was trying to be an artist;it-|||-was a real story about how brave, creative, and trusting his brother was.For the purpose of-|||-this story, let`s call the little brother Little Brother.-|||-Little Brother,a young painter, went to France to surround himself with beauty and inspiration.-|||-He lived on the cheap, painted every day, visited museums, traveled to picturesque places,-|||-bravely spoke to everyone he met,and showed his work to anyone who would look at it.One-|||-afternoon, he struck up a conversation at a cafe with a group of charming young people, who-|||-turned out to be some fancy nobles. They took a liking to Little Brother and invited him to a-|||-party that weekend in a castle in the Loire Valley. They said this was going to be the party-|||-of the year.It would be attended by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of-|||-Europe. Best of all,it was a masquerade ball (化妆舞会),where nobody would hesitate in their-|||-spending on the costumes(特殊场合穿的套服).Dress up",they said,"and join us!"-|||-Excited, Little Brother worked all week on a costume that he was certain would be highly-|||-impressive. He held back on neither the details nor the imagination of this creation. Then he-|||-rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. He changed into his costume in the car and-|||-went up the castle steps.Little Brother entered the ballroom, head held high.-|||-Upon arrival, he immediately realized his mistake.-|||-This was indeed a costume party-his new friends had not misled him there-but he had-|||-missed one detail in translation:This was a themed costume party. The theme was "a medieval-|||-court." and Little Brother was dressed as a lobster(龙虾).-|||-All around him,the wealthy and beautiful were dressed in fancy clothes,wearing-|||-sparkling jewels. Little Brother,on the other hand, was wearing a red coat,red tights, redTwenty years ago,I was at a party, talking to a man whose name I have long since-|||-forgotten. Sometimes I think this man came into my life for the sole purpose of telling me this-|||-story,which has delighted and inspired me ever since.-|||-The story he told me was about his younger brother,who was trying to be an artist;it-|||-was a real story about how brave, creative, and trusting his brother was.For the purpose of-|||-this story, let`s call the little brother Little Brother.-|||-Little Brother,a young painter, went to France to surround himself with beauty and inspiration.-|||-He lived on the cheap, painted every day, visited museums, traveled to picturesque places,-|||-bravely spoke to everyone he met,and showed his work to anyone who would look at it.One-|||-afternoon, he struck up a conversation at a cafe with a group of charming young people, who-|||-turned out to be some fancy nobles. They took a liking to Little Brother and invited him to a-|||-party that weekend in a castle in the Loire Valley. They said this was going to be the party-|||-of the year.It would be attended by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of-|||-Europe. Best of all,it was a masquerade ball (化妆舞会),where nobody would hesitate in their-|||-spending on the costumes(特殊场合穿的套服).Dress up",they said,"and join us!"-|||-Excited, Little Brother worked all week on a costume that he was certain would be highly-|||-impressive. He held back on neither the details nor the imagination of this creation. Then he-|||-rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. He changed into his costume in the car and-|||-went up the castle steps.Little Brother entered the ballroom, head held high.-|||-Upon arrival, he immediately realized his mistake.-|||-This was indeed a costume party-his new friends had not misled him there-but he had-|||-missed one detail in translation:This was a themed costume party. The theme was "a medieval-|||-court." and Little Brother was dressed as a lobster(龙虾).-|||-All around him,the wealthy and beautiful were dressed in fancy clothes,wearing-|||-sparkling jewels. Little Brother,on the other hand, was wearing a red coat,red tights, redTwenty years ago,I was at a party, talking to a man whose name I have long since-|||-forgotten. Sometimes I think this man came into my life for the sole purpose of telling me this-|||-story,which has delighted and inspired me ever since.-|||-The story he told me was about his younger brother,who was trying to be an artist;it-|||-was a real story about how brave, creative, and trusting his brother was.For the purpose of-|||-this story, let`s call the little brother Little Brother.-|||-Little Brother,a young painter, went to France to surround himself with beauty and inspiration.-|||-He lived on the cheap, painted every day, visited museums, traveled to picturesque places,-|||-bravely spoke to everyone he met,and showed his work to anyone who would look at it.One-|||-afternoon, he struck up a conversation at a cafe with a group of charming young people, who-|||-turned out to be some fancy nobles. They took a liking to Little Brother and invited him to a-|||-party that weekend in a castle in the Loire Valley. They said this was going to be the party-|||-of the year.It would be attended by the rich and famous and by several crowned heads of-|||-Europe. Best of all,it was a masquerade ball (化妆舞会),where nobody would hesitate in their-|||-spending on the costumes(特殊场合穿的套服).Dress up",they said,"and join us!"-|||-Excited, Little Brother worked all week on a costume that he was certain would be highly-|||-impressive. He held back on neither the details nor the imagination of this creation. Then he-|||-rented a car and drove three hours to the castle. He changed into his costume in the car and-|||-went up the castle steps.Little Brother entered the ballroom, head held high.-|||-Upon arrival, he immediately realized his mistake.-|||-This was indeed a costume party-his new friends had not misled him there-but he had-|||-missed one detail in translation:This was a themed costume party. The theme was "a medieval-|||-court." and Little Brother was dressed as a lobster(龙虾).-|||-All around him,the wealthy and beautiful were dressed in fancy clothes,wearing-|||-sparkling jewels. Little Brother,on the other hand, was wearing a red coat,red tights, red

单选题根据下面资料，回答题 The Secret to Raising Smart Kids A) I first began to investigate the basis of human motivation--and how people persevere after setbacks--as a psychology graduate student at Yale University in the 1960s. Animal experiments by psychologists at the University of Pennsylvania had shown that after repeated failures, most animals conclude that a situation is hopeless and beyond their control. After such an experience an animal often remains passive even when it can effect change--a state they called learned helplessness. B) People can learn to be helpless, too. Why do some students give up when they encounter difficulty,whereas others who are no more skilled continue to strive and learn? One answer, I soon discovered, lay in people's beliefs about why they had failed. C) In particular, attributing poor performance to a lack of ability depresses motivation more than does the belief that lack of effort is to blame. When I told a group of school children who displayed helpless behavior that a lack of effort led to their mistakes in math, they learned to keep trying when the problems got tough. Another group of helpless children who were simply rewarded for their success on easier problems did not improve their ability to solve hard math problems. These experiments indicated that a focus on effort can help resolve helplessness and generate success. D) Later, I developed a broader theory of what separates the two general classes of learners--helpless versus mastery-oriented. I realized these different types of students not only explain their failures differently, but they also hold different "theories" of intelligence.The helpless ones believe intelligence is a fixed characteristic: you have only a certain amount, and that's that. I call this a"fixed mind-set (思维模式). " Mistakes crack their self-confidence because they attribute errors to a lack of ability, which they feel powerless to change. They avoid challenges because challenges make mistakes more likely. The mastery-oriented children, on the other hand, think intelligence is not fixed and can be developed through education and hard work. Such children believe challenges are energizing rather than intimidating (令人生畏); they offer opportunities to learn. Students with such a growth mind-set were destined (注定) for greater academic success and were quite likely to outperform their counterparts. E) We validated these expectations in a study in which two other psychologists and I monitored 373students for two years during the transition to junior high school, when the work gets more difficult and the grading more strict, to determine how their mind-sets might affect their math grades. At the beginning of seventh grade, we assessed the students' mind-sets by asking them to agree or disagree with statements such as "Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can't really change. " We then assessed their beliefs about other aspects of learning and looked to see what happened to their grades. F) As predicted, the students with a growth mind-set felt that learning was a more important goal than getting good grades. In addition, they held hard work in high regard. They understood that even geniuses have to work hard. Confronted by a setback such as a disappointing test grade, students with a growth mind-set said they would study harder or try a different strategy. The students who held a fixed mind-set, however, were concerned about looking smart with less regard for learning.They had negative views of effort, believing that having to work hard was a sign of low ability.They thought that a person with talent or intelligence did not need to work hard to do well.Attributing a bad grade to their own lack of ability, those with a fixed mind-set said that they would study less in the future, try never to take that subject again and consider cheating on future tests. G) Such different outlooks had a dramatic impact on performance. At the start of junior high, the math achievement test scores of the students with a growth mind-set were comparable to those of students who displayed a fixed mind-set. But as the work became more difficult, the students with a growth mind-set showed greater persistence. As a result, their math grades overtook those of the other students by the end of the first semester--and the gap between the two groups continued to widen during the two years we followed them. H) A fixed mind-set can also hinder communication and progress in the workplace and discourage or ignore constructive criticism and advice. Research shows that managers who have a fixed mind-set are less likely to seek or welcome feedback from their employees than are managers with a growth mind-set. I) How do we transmit a growth mind-set to our children? One way is by telling stories about achievements that result from hard work. For instance, talking about mathematical geniuses who were more or less born that way puts students in a fixed mind-set, but descriptions of great mathematicians who fell in love with math and developed amazing skills produce a growth mind-set. J) In addition, parents and teachers can help children by providing explicit instruction regarding the mind as a learning machine. I designed an eight-session workshop for 91 students whose math grades were declining in their first year of junior high.Forty-eight of the students received instruction in study skills only, whereas the others attended a combination of study skills sessions and classes in which they learned about the growth mind-set and how to apply it to schoolwork. In the growth mind-set classes, students read and discussed an article entitled "You Can Grow Your Brain. " They were taught that the brain is like a muscle that gets stronger with use and that learning prompts the brain to grow new connections. From such instruction, many students began to see themselves as agents of their own brain development. Despite being unaware that there were two types of instruction, teachers reported significant motivational changes in 27% of the children in the growth mind-set workshop as compared with only 9% of students in the control group. K) Research is converging (汇聚) on the conclusion that great accomplishment and even genius is typically the result of years of passion and dedication and not something that flows naturally from a gift. The author's experiment shows that students with a fixed mind-set believe having to work hard is an indication of low ability.