They often don’t want to cause offence and __, will start their sentences using certain expressions to soften the blow.A. consequentlyB. soC. sinceD. but

Directions: For this part, you need to translate a passage from Chinese into English.近年来，中国政府高度重视民营经济(private economy)的发展，出台了一系列政策支持民营企业。截至2025年3月底，全国民营企业数量超过5700万家，占企业总量的92.3%。民营企业不仅数量稳步增长，质量和结构也在不断提升。民营企业的研发投入不断增加，在新一代信息技术，人工智能等领域发展迅速。民营企业核心竞争力的增强为中国经济的高质量发展提供了有力支撑。In recent years, the Chinese government has attached great importance to the development of the private economy and introduced a series of policies to support private enterprises. By the end of March 2025, the number of private enterprises nationwide had exceeded 57 million, accounting for 92.3% of the total number of enterprises. Private enterprises have not only achieved steady growth in quantity but also seen continuous improvement in quality and structure. Their investment in research and development keeps increasing, and they have developed rapidly in fields such as new-generation information technology and artificial intelligence. The enhanced core competitiveness of private enterprises has provided strong support for the high-quality development of China's economy.

50. 【单选题（4选1）】principalA. 中立的，无倾向性的B. 首要的；最重要的 n. 校长C. vi. 继续存在 vi. 顽强坚持；执著D. vt. 检查；检阅

Which of the following salutations apply to Email writing?A Dear Ms. Li:B Hello, Jane!C Dear Jane,D Dear Professor Li,

单选题He has _________ all the stories in the newspapers.A. refusedB. rejectedC. declinedD. denied

46. 【单选题（4选1）】pulseA. n. 一段时间；持续时间 vt. 横跨；跨越；贯穿B. n. 脉搏；脉动 vi. 跳动，搏动C. n. 议会；国会D. n. （凌乱的）一堆 vt. 堆放；堆积

Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with aletter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Collagen(胶原蛋白)supplementsA) Any soup maker worth their salt knows that a good, full-bodied stock is semisolid and unstable whenchilled, and the essential ingredient to make that happen is plenty of bones. It's why my grandmother, andnow I, consider chicken feet the secret ingredient in our soups, and it explains some of the appeal oftoday's bone soup craze. It turns out that bones—from meat, poulty or fish-provide more than justluxurious texture; they also provide a type of protein that has become a major trend in the supplementmarket:collagen.B) Collagen is the main structural protein of connective tssue in animals, found not only in bones but also skin,cartilage(软骨) and tendons (肌腱). When collagen is heated in water, as in soup making, it results in gelatin(明胶), which explains that desirable jellylike texture after refrigeration. And yes, that is where thepowder in thoseittle gelatin packetsused for desserts and other dishes comesfrom. When we eatit, gelatnis digested like any other protein—itis broken down into individual amino acids(氨基酸) that our bodiescan use to build whatever protein t needs—including our own collagen. As we age, however, our bodies'collagen production becomes less effcient, and the tissues that depend on t, such as our skin and joints,don't getrepaired the way they used to, which explains, atleas in part, why our skinstart to wrinkle andwe have more aches and pains as the years tick by.C)That's where the supplements come in. Manufacturers have found a way to apply enzymes (酶) to gelatin tocreate protein chains clled collagen hydrolysates(水解物). These smallcollagen chains may be absorbedby the body to be used directly in the tssues. Predictably, there are a lot of exaggerated claims aroundthese supplements, but there is also a lot of promising, genuine research pointing to benefit, particularlyfor more youthful-looking skin and help with joint pain.D)Several studies show improved skin flexibility and hydration and reduced formation of deep wrinkles aftertaking collagen hydrolysate supplements for six weeks or more, with participants older than 30 seeing thebiggest improvement.E) A 2016 study in the Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry showed that collagen hydrolysates can betransferred through the bloodstream directly to the skin, which explains the probable pathway for theseeffects. The supplements may also help improve brittle nails, according to a small study published in 2017in the Journal of Cosmetc Dermatology in which participant took the supplement for 24 weeks.F) Collagen hydrolysates have also been shown to help with joint pain in athletes and those suffering fromosteoarthritis, with participants in the greatest pain getting the most relief. A 2018 meta-analysis publishedin the British Journal of Sports Medicine that examined various supplements used for osteoarthritis identifiedcollagen as one “demonstrating clinically important effect for pain reduction in the medium term.However, over the long term, the supplements didn't help any more than a comfort.G) Besides the fact that observed benefits have mostly involved short-term studies-there is not enoughevidence that the effects are anything more than fleeting—there are several other things to consider beforeyou run out and buy collagen supplements. Although the science is building, it is relatively new and there istill lotto learn, particulaly inidentifying whattypes ofcollagen chains work with different conditions.Also, although side effects appear minimal, there have been reports of digestive problems whensupplements are taken in large amounts.H) On top of that, the bulk and cost of the supplements may be prohibitive. Supplements in pill form requireswallowing six a day to ge a six-gram dose. (The doses used in the studies generally ranged from 5 to 12grams a day.) Powders, which can be dissolved in hot or cold liquids, are perhaps less burdensome but areroughly double the price, running from about 15 to more than 40 for a month's supply. Alsonoteworthy: If you are looking for a general protein supplement, collagen alone would not be the bestchoice because it is not a complete protein-it lacks the essential amino acid.I) Considering that those who benefited most from collagen supplements in the studies were those whogenerally ate the least amount of meat and were possibly, therefore, not getting enough quality protein, it'sworthwhile, whethe you decideto ry a supplement or not, toturn you attention to optimizing(使尽可能完善) your body's own collagen-making machinery. That means getting adequate protein overall, frommeat, poultry, fish and plant proteins such as beans, nuts seeds and grains. And you need to get enoughvitamin C—found in foods such as citrus fruis, berries, bell peppers and green, leafy vegetables-which isalso essential for collagen production.J) It's also worth noting that, although it's not in hydrolysate form, one cup of chicken stock or bone brothoffers aboutsix grams of collagen-rich protein in a tasty and satisfying way.K) This is a classic response to research that found nutrients or supplements had a benefit. Instead ofrecommending that people imitate the research to take the nutrient or supplement that the research foundto be benefcial the recommendaton is virully always “et a balanced diet"—the practce that peoplewere following before they benefited from the nutrient or supplement.L) The standard American diet contains too much protein. This has been known for decades. The excessprotein in the standard American diet causes or contributes to many diseases. As Americans who overdoseon protein, many of their “sudden” health problems, which have been developing for decades, can betraced in whole or in part to all that cheese, chicken, bacon, beef, cream sauce and other dietary excessesand misinformation resulting in obesity, Type-2 diabetes, and other preventable diseases.M) So a dietician perpetuates the myth that “those who ate the least meat" might not be getting enough “qualityprotein." However, mea eater have many problems from their diet, one of which s protein levels thatare too high. Protein is in everything, and they'd have to eat a patheticlly non-nutitious diet tocompensate.36. The price of the collagen supplements may set obstacles to their popularity.37. The reduction of collagen is partly responsible for our wrinkles and pains.38. Meateaters usually have high protein levels and need to take non-nutritou food to balance them.39. Citrus fruit and leafy vegetables are important to get collagen.40. A 2017 study shows thatthe collagen supplement can improve the situation of breakable nails.41. If taken too much, the supplements may have some side effects.42. American intake too much protein from their greasy diet, which lead to many avoidable dseases.43. In the long run, the supplements functioned only as a comfort to the joint pain.44. Bones produce collagen-a popular protein in the supplement market.45. The collagen hydrolysate supplements may benefitthe participants who are older than 30 most.

On May 25, 1961, American President John F. Kennedy announced that the United States "should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth." In the years that followed, his challenge became the central mission of NASA's Apollo Program, which succeeded in landing astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the lunar surface in July 1969. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, ten other astronauts later followed in their footsteps, and by the time Apollo ended in 1972, a total of 24 men had journeyed to the moon. During its peak years, about 34,000 NASA employees and 375,000 outside contractors took part in the program.Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, with the first manned flight in 1968. It achieved its goal of manned lunar landing, despite the major setback of a 1967 Apollo 1 cabin fire that killed the entire crew during a prelaunch test. The fire marked the first time that American astronauts were killed inside a spacecraft. It grounded Apollo for 18 months, but it also led NASA to make crucial design improvements that increased safety and performance during the lunar missions.After the first landing, sufficient flight hardware remained for nine follow-on landings with a plan for extended lunar geological and astrophysical (天体物理学的) exploration. Budget cuts forced the cancellation of three of these. Five of the remaining six missions achieved successful landings, but the Apollo 13 landing was prevented by an oxygen tank explosion in transit to the Moon, which damaged the life support. The crew returned to Earth safely by using the Lunar Module (登月舱) as a "lifeboat" for these functions. Till now, Apollo 13 has been regarded as the most "successful failure" of NASA.Why has Apollo 13 been regarded as the most "successful failure"?A. Because though other five missions succeeded, Apollo 13 failed.B. Because though the mission failed, the crew returned safely.C. Because though the oxygen tank exploded, the landing proceeded.D. Because though the life support was damaged, the Lunar Module worked.

browseA. a. 有机的；不使用化肥等人工化学品的 a. 器官的；器质性的B. n. 合唱团；歌咏队 n. 齐声，异口同声C. v. （在商店里）随便看 v. 浏览；翻阅D. n. 例外；除外

3 Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. Each word can be used only once.available benefit comprehensive emerge explore inherit pose resource transmit yield1 They are planning to spend the money on something that will be of great ______ to everyone in the community.2 The research is intended to ______ the relationship between the economy and education.3 It was about 30 seconds before Alex ______ from the water; we were quite scared.4 There is no room for more furniture in our apartment-we've used up all the space ______.5 There was widespread concern in the U.S. that the rising unemployment might ______ a threat to social stability.6 After a(n) ______ physical exam, my doctor said I was in good health except that my blood pressure was a little high.7 It is well-known that China is a country with rich natural ______ and a very long history.8 Some people believe that the earth can ______ enough food to support at least twice its present population.9 From his grandfather, Jack has ______ a love of reading novels and writing poems.10 The president's speech has ______ the message that the university will do everything to help students prepare for the future.