What color did Marilyn Monroe dye her hair at 16?A. BrownB. BlackC. Blonde

Online Degrees Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering on- line courses and degree programs. In this article we’ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees.Online Learning Programs With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. There are assignments, but you won’t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won’t be able to look at your neighbor’s paper. There may be a set time that "class" begins, but you don’t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to "go to class" when it fits your schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don’t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don’t have to ask for someone’s notes, and you just visit the lecture later. You’ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor. Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments. Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online. Some schools require an initial "boot camp" held at the campus, where you will meet the other students, instructors and support personnel. You’ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework.Evaluating the Program So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as: ・How is the course presented Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text Are there accompanying slides Is there any interaction Is there video or audio Are exams given How are assignments turned in The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a dynamic and innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interaction with the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it. ・How do students interact with each other Is there an established method for interaction and congregating Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution. ・Are the instructors qualified Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology. ・What kind of reputation does the school have It may seem simple―a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you’re left with nothing but the reputation of the school’s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. It’s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. ・How are students evaluated Earning a degree should not mean just that―earning it. If students aren’t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned.The Employer’s View The big question in everyone’s mind is, "Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree " Vault. com, a career network Website, did a survey of 239 professionals. According to the results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution is more credible. Other sources did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses. As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If John’s study holds up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright. Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you’ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self- motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for.What is the best type of online lecture A．One with no accompanying slides.B．One that is simply put online as text.C．One without video or audio.D．One with interaction during the lecture.

A ) enclose B ) that C ) reasonable D ) failure E ) to F ) acknowledge G ) what H ) deeply l ) should J ) with K ) without L ) advertised M ) which N ) join O ) atThe -26-of an application is far more often the fault of the fault of the applicant, for many applicants do not set about their task in the right way. They do not study the job requirements -27-enough and dispatch applicants to all and sundry(所有人) in the hope that one will bear fruit(奏效). the personnel manager of a textile’s manufacturer for example -28- for designers. He was willing to consider young people -29- working experience provided they had good ideas. The replies contained many remarks like this, “At school I was good at art”,”I like drawing things” and even “I write very interesting stories”. Only one applicant was sensible enough to -30- samples of her designs. She got the job. Personnel manager emphasize the need for a good letter of application. They do not look for the finest writing paper or perfect typing, but it is -31- to expect legible writing on a clean sheet of paper, not a piece torn roughly from an exercise book.As soon as the applicant is lucky enough to receive an invitation to attend all interviews, he -32- acknowledge the letter and say he will attend. But the manager does not end there. The wise applicant will fill in the interval making himself familiar with the activities of the company he hopes to -33-. Some applicants have not faintest idea -34- the company does and this puts them 35- a great disadvantage when they come to answer the questions that will be put to them in the interview.

() 28.From the passage,we can learn that Doughnut Girls A.worked on large ships H.used helmets to cook doughmuts-|||-__-|||-C.worked in a dangerous conditione D.used doughnut machines to fry-|||-() 29.What`s the passage mainly about?-|||-A.The popularity of doughnuts, B.The history of doughnuts,-|||-C.The inventors of doughnuts D.The types of doughnuts-|||-D-|||-lùu Qing hasn`t slept well for months: Every-|||-day,the 13-year-old middle school student wakes up-|||-with dark cincles around her eyes.She has lost-|||-interest in everything and doesn`t want to talk to-|||-anyone."Living like this is such a torture for me-|||-can`t feel happy at all," Liu told Xinhan-|||-Liu is one of many who suffer fmm depression Zhang han start phote pupert-|||-According to Wodd Health Oppanization-(WHO) ralled Crinkled Fue-|||-about 264 million people amoud the world are affected by depressiont. In China,-|||-depression affects 54 million people and is one of the leading causes of suicide (自亲)-|||-To hring this issue to people`s attention,Zhang Nau,a photo studio owner in-|||-Wahan,Hubei province started a photo project called Grinkled Fog.Over the last-|||-three years,be has taken pictures of over 100 people straggling with mental health,-|||-mostly girls or women,aged 14 to 30.-|||-"Although things have been better with people talking openly about it nowadays,-|||-there are still misunderstandings about m illness,"the 27-year-ald told China-|||-Daily.-|||-The 100th person Zhang spotiilight(聚焦)for the series is a 2323-year-old girl from-|||-Nanjing, Jiangsu provinee, nickamed Yaya She was diagnosed (诊新) with-|||-depression in 2013 during her first year in senior high school when her grandfather-|||-who raised her,passed away,-|||-Her parents,who do business in another city and only see her a few times a-|||-year,didn`t take her struggle seriously and believed that depression is just like a cold-|||-and will go away on its own-|||-But for Yaya, ll was painful.During her darkest period, she received-|||-electmoonvulsive therapy电休克治疗10 times within six weeks-|||-英语试卷 第7页共10页?-|||-Yaya applied for the phota shoot when she got better this year because she-|||-wanted to recond the moment and tell people that they can recover.-|||-Depression is,in fact,a real illness."Just like your body,your moods can fall-|||-ill,too,"said Li Somgwei, Tsinghaa Enivers assistant professor of psychology.-|||-"When depression can be diagnosed, no matter how terrible it is,there are effective-|||-treatments."-|||-"A major problem is that people are ashamed 着Ⅱ) of the illness and don`t-|||-seek professional help,"Lu Lin,an expert of the China Academy of Sciences said.-|||-"We must remove the stigma(污名)and the shame by actively and openly-|||-supporting our friends and family members who are experiencing depressinn,"-|||-Bembarl Schwartlander,for WHO representative in China, told China Daily-|||-() 30. _(2)Ocdot (H)_(2)O+(H)^++(O)_(2)+2(H)_(2)O in Paragraph I probably means" __ 一-|||-A.anger B.tiredness C.pain D.disappointment-|||-31.Why did Zhang Nan start the photo project Crinkled Fog?-|||-XA. To encourage patients to see a doctor.-|||-B.To draw people`s attention of depression.-|||-C.To provide scientific facts about depreesion-|||-D.To avoid minumemtandings about the-|||-32. The last paragraph tells in __-|||-A.that depression can be treated-|||-B.why people are afraid of depression-|||-C.what is the key pmblem of depression-|||-D.how people should deal with depression-|||-33.Which of the following would he the hest title for the passage?-|||-、 (O)_(2)(O)_(2) B.Effective Treatment-|||-C.Active Supporting D. fopenencing a Dark Period-|||-四、阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题。(共10分,每小题2分)-|||-Eyesight in Danger-|||-With her eyes feeling increusingly tire and her vision bhury(模翻的), -y=ax--|||-old Sun Run went to the hospital with her parents in January,2021. She was shocked-|||-(震惊的)when she found out that her eyesight dropped from 5.0 404.6 in only a-|||-有的试卷 第8页(共10页)

Online Degrees Today, you can earn a degree from a major university without ever having sat in one of their classrooms. Many colleges and universities are jumping on the distance learning bandwagon and offering on- line courses and degree programs. In this article we’ll look at how online degrees work, what you should look for if you are pursuing a degree via the online option, and what employers think of online degrees.Online Learning Programs With a computer, an Internet connection and a little self-discipline, you can earn a degree. Online degree programs follow much the same routines as traditional learning, with a few twists. There are lectures, but they won’t be in person. There are assignments, but you won’t hand them to your instructor. There are exams, but you won’t be able to look at your neighbor’s paper. There may be a set time that "class" begins, but you don’t have to be there then. In most situations, you are free to "go to class" when it fits your schedule. If you get a phone call during class, you don’t have to miss anything. If you get sick, you don’t have to ask for someone’s notes, and you just visit the lecture later. You’ll communicate with your instructor by e-mail, chat rooms, bulletin boards, and instant messaging. Your classroom will live in a special software program that uses text chat and bulletin boards, as well as streaming audio or recorded lectures. You may be put into a virtual workgroup with other students and be required to solve a problem. You may have to work through interactive puzzles and quizzes. Contrary to popular belief, you will have contact with other students and the instructor. Depending on the program and institution, distance learning may consist of synchronous (live) sessions or asynchronous (non-live) sessions. Transcripts and notes from lectures are archived, so you can always go back if you missed something. If there are live sessions with discussions among students, you can go back to those as well. Assignments may even be returned with audio clips so your instructors can convey their tone of voice along with their comments. Printed documents may be sent to you through the mail, or you may have the options of printing them yourself or reading them online. Some schools require an initial "boot camp" held at the campus, where you will meet the other students, instructors and support personnel. You’ll learn how to use the technology, learn about the library and reference systems, and begin your coursework.Evaluating the Program So once you know the school is accredited, is the decision easy Not necessarily. There are still a lot of questions to ask before you make your selection, such as: ・How is the course presented Investigate the method by which the instructor gives lectures. Does the instructor simply put the lecture online as text Are there accompanying slides Is there any interaction Is there video or audio Are exams given How are assignments turned in The format of the course is sometimes as important as the content. Great content is more easily absorbed if it’s done in a dynamic and innovative manner that involves interaction between the student and instructor as well as interaction with the content itself. Online learning technology provides many opportunities for innovation. Find a school that takes advantage of it. ・How do students interact with each other Is there an established method for interaction and congregating Online programs can use chat rooms, instant messaging, teleconferencing, and video conferencing to communicate. The key is to find a program that has this interaction built into it and even requires it. How the online community functions should be very important to both the instructor and the educational institution. ・Are the instructors qualified Check out the credentials and degrees the instructors hold, as well as their knowledge of online learning and its differences from classroom learning. What kind of support do the instructors get for their online courses If technical problems arise, is there someone to turn to A school that is dedicated to its online programs will have the development staff and the support staff to make it successful. Instructors (and students) have to be able to adapt to changing technology. ・What kind of reputation does the school have It may seem simple―a good school will have a good online program. That may be true, but it is also probable that its online program is still too new to judge, so you’re left with nothing but the reputation of the school’s traditional programs. This reputation, however, may not be as straightforward as you think. You can look at the overall quality of the school and make a judgment, but there may be weaknesses in the program in which you are interested. It’s not uncommon for a great school to have a weak program or two. ・How are students evaluated Earning a degree should not mean just that―earning it. If students aren’t assessed properly and degrees are handed out with little or no verification that any knowledge has been transferred from the instructor to the student, then how can the program be rated Students, particularly adult students, learn more by doing than by simply listening. For this reason, it is important to ensure that part of the program involves applying what has been learned.The Employer’s View The big question in everyone’s mind is, "Is an online degree from an accredited college or university seen by potential employers as a lesser degree " Vault. com, a career network Website, did a survey of 239 professionals. According to the results, 77 percent of respondents believe that an online degree earned at an accredited institution is more credible. Other sources did studies that revealed that there is little if any difference in the quality of education received through online distance learning versus traditional classrooms. John Losak found similar results in his own study. He analyzed graduation rates, time to graduation, and knowledge, as well as other elements. He found the students performed as well or better in online courses. As more and more people get online degrees and use them in the workforce, managers will begin to feel more secure about the quality of education these people have. If John’s study holds up on a larger scale, then the future of getting jobs and advancements based on online degrees will be bright. Until then, choose schools carefully, and check for accreditation and strong programs. When you’ve completed the degree, go to job interviews armed with information to counter any questions about the quality or validity of your degree. Make sure the interviewer knows how you achieved the degree, how you worked it into a busy schedule, how you overcame any obstacles. It will show a self- motivation and discipline that may be just the qualities the company is looking for.Which of the following is the unique characteristic of online education that traditional education doesn’t have A．There are lectures, but they won’t be in person.B．There are assignments, and you must hand them to your instructor.C．If you get sick, you have to ask for someone’s notes.D．If you get a phone call during class, you will miss something.

阅读下列短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。(共26分,每小题2分)ACool Inventions That Will Take You to the FutureScientists never stop amazing us with fascinating inventions. Here are some cool ones that are already in stores or will be there soon.Portable ToasterThere is actually an idea of a knife that could not only cut the bread into small pieces, but be healed enough to toast a slice of bread. You could take this time-saving and easy-to-clean tool anywhere. It would be really cool, for it looked like a light saber (剑).Hand-Held Copy & Paste ToolCopy & Paste allows you to scan and print images anywhere and on anything. Simply push she button and scan the object, and then the image can be printed on any surface using ink. For the moment, this is only an idea, but when this device is on sale, there will be a long line waiting to buy it.Electronic Sensor PenWith Phree Pen, you can write anything anywhere. When it went into market, it became really popular. All the symbols can be written on any surface, read by a computer and sent to a smart phone or a computer. You can write things down without paper at hand.Scanner Determining Food Composition (成分)TellSpec was made for those who want to quickly know the composition of a dish. It scans the products and then sends a list of information about the nutritional value to a special phone app. Now you don’t need to worry about the safety of the products you eat.41. With the help of the Copy & Paste tool, you can ________.A. cut the bread into small pieces B. send information to a smart phoneC. print images on any surface D. scan the food to check its safety42. If you want to find out the composition of a dish, you can use ________.A. TellSpec B. Copy & Paste C. Phree Pen D. Portable Toaster43. According to the passage, how many inventions are only ideas now?A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.BGrandpa and MeAs my summer vacation drew nearer and nearer, I made a long list of things I wished to do and could hardly wait to begin a brand-new journey. However, when my mom told me that I had to live with my grandfather for six weeks, I complained. A voice inside me said that it would be miserable to live with my grandpa, which meant no afternoon baseball games with my neighborhood friends.The first week with Grandpa was fine. We went out for dinner and watched TV together. One day, Grandpa was sitting at the table reading the newspaper. I sat on the couch and flipped (快速翻动) through my baseball card collection. “Wish I had a Hank Aaron card,” I said to myself.When Grandpa heard me, he said in surprise, “I didn’t know you liked baseball, Susan.” I explained that it was my favorite sport and I usually played it all summer with my friends. Grandpa stood up shakily and walked to the door. “Let’s go,” he said, with excitement. “I want to show you something.”We drove for quite a while, and when Grandpa finally stopped the car, we were in front of some old houses. A sign on each house said “Land Will Be Sold. Call For Details.” I noticed that Grandpa had a faraway look in his eyes. “I haven’t been here for decades,” he whispered. “Probably twenty or thirty years.” We walked there and he pointed down the street and said, “That’s the field where I used to play baseball every summer.” Then I realized where we were: This was the house where Grandpa grew up! We looked inside a window and saw a big mess. No one had lived here for a long time.On the ride home, Grandpa was very quiet. I thought about how he must miss his old home and the friends he grew up with. If he could just go back in time for a few minutes, he would feel very happy and less lonely. Then I realized that six weeks away from home was not too bad, especially with Grandpa around.44. The writer complained about her coming vacation because ________.A. she could not play baseball games with friendsB. she could not enjoy her baseball card collectionC. she would go out for dinner with her grandfatherD. she would leave her home and live in an old house45. When Grandpa heard Susan liked baseball, he was ________.A. hopeful and thankful B. confused and upsetC. worried and unhappy D. surprised and excited46. What might Susan most probably do after visiting the old house?A. Cleaning the old house with her neighborhood friends.B. Complaining about her boring vacation to her mom.C. Sharing her baseball cards with her schoolmates.D. Listening to Grandpa’s life story in the past.CSelf-control is a skill that children need to succeed in school, socially and emotionally. The development of self-control begins at birth and continues throughout our lives. As babies, we have little or no control over our behaviors and emotions, but as we get older, with the help of parents or caregivers, we learn how to take turns, how to pay attention in class, stick to a challenging task, and restrain (制止) from hitting another child. These abilities continue to develop in our childhood and then youthbood. Also, it is clear that being impulsive (易冲动的) can have bad effects on children, causing interpersonal problems, poor physical health, and psychiatric disorders.Therefore, by learning self-control, children can make right decisions and respond to situations in positive ways. One of the effective strategies, when helping children develop self-control abilities, is to select developmentally proper tasks. Try setting up simple goals first, where success is expected, before moving onto the next goal. For preschoolers, goals might include not interrupting or not fighting on the playground. For early elementary school students, right goals might be following bedtime rules.However, it’s not enough to set up simple goals, because for children of the same age, there are still some differences in the development of self-control abilities. Some general strategies often help them learn right self-control behaviors.● Take a breakEncourage children to take a break or “time in” whenever they feel down, annoyed or angry. Stepping away from an upsetting situation can help a child calm down.● Teach and provide attentionPaying attention is a skill that can be taught. Encourage children to resist interrupting by learning to observe others without talking, so they can join in easily. Make sure to provide children with attention at times so they don’t feel ignored and therefore are unlikely to interrupt.● Use proper rewards (奖励)In order to develop positive behaviors, children need frequently positive feedback. Praise and consistent feedback can be highly rewarding for young children. It is important to let a child know what a desired behavior is.● Use activities designed to teach self-regulation (自我管理)Using specific activities can help teach young children skills that improve self-control. Some of these skills include dealing with “wanting something I can’t have”, understanding feelings, and controlling anger.47. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A. As people get older, their attention will improve naturally.B. Being impulsive can often cause bad results in children’s grades.C. Children can learn how to control themselves with the help of parents.D. Self-control development begins at birth and keeps growing till youthbood.48. What can teachers do when students feel very disappointed?A. Teach and provide attention. B. Give rewards and suggestions.C. Teach skills to regulate themselves. D. Encourage them to take a break.49. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Time Waits for No Man—The Development of Self-ControlB. Have Power over Your Mind—Tips on Developing Self-ControlC. Prevention Is Better than Cure—Rules of Self-Control BehaviorsD. Think Twice Before You Act—The Importance of Self-Control SkillsDTechnology ProgressOn June 22, 1927, Charles Lindbergh flew into Dayton, Ohio, for dinner at Orville Wright’s house. It had been just a month since the young pilot’s first ever individual nonstop crossing of the Atlantic, and he felt he ought to pay respects to the pioneer of flight.Forty-two years later, on July 16, 1969, Apollo 11 astronaut Neil Armstrong was allowed to bring a personal guest to the Kennedy Space Center to view the launch of NASA’s towering Saturn V rocket. Armstrong invited his hero, Charles Lindbergh. That’s how fast technology advanced in the 20th century.However, progress isn’t what it used to be now. Northwestern University economist Robert Gordon argues that by 1970, all the key technologies of modern life were in place: electricity, highways, telecommunications, and the like. After that, innovation (创新) and economic growth simply couldn’t keep going fast as the last 100 years—a period Gordon calls “the special century”. Gordon argues the lives of people in developed nations look and feel the same in 2020 as they did in 1979 or 1989.Sloping down is good in one small way, though bad in most of the ways that count. Rapid changes can sometimes be disorienting (令人迷惑的). And when things develop at a lower speed, people and institutions do have more time to breathe and fit in. But slowing down isn’t what it should be. In many areas of technology, the forward movement today feels tragically slow, even nonexistent.Consider consumer robotics. There’s huge potential for robots to help us. But home robotics companies seem to keep folding. For example, social robot maker Jibo closed in Mareh after raising almost 73 million.Our century’s one signature technology achievement is smartphones. At this point, we’ve had them in our pockets long enough to begin to appreciate their dangers. Meanwhile the list of possibly world-changing technologies that get people’s attention but still remain in the original stage is very long. Self-driving cars, AR glasses. Need I continue?Indeed, these are all hard problems. But historically, solving the big problems has required continuous, large-scale investment (投资), often with private markets and taxpayers sharing the cost. In this century, we need to undo some bad results of the last great boom (繁荣) by developing affordable zero—and negative—emissions technologies right now. That’s another hard problem—and to solve it, we’ll need to rethink what made the “special century” so special.50. The writer mentions Charles Lindbergh in Paragraphs 1 and 2 to show that ________.A. Charles had contributed greatly to technologyB. Charles paid respects to the pioneer of flightC. technology developed rapidly in the 20th centuryD. technology has advanced to a higher new level51. The underlined word “folding” in Paragraph 5 probably means ________.A. shutting B. separating C. growing D. operating52. What can we learn from the passage?A. Some world-changing technologies are not making progress.B. Home robotics companies failed because of little investment.C. It’s time to realize the disadvantages of fast development now.D. It doesn’t take us long before we realize the dangers of smartphones.53. The writer probably agrees ________.A. markets and taxpayers have a duty to develop technologiesB. innovation and investment are needed for technology advanceC. what made the last century special will happen in the new centuryD. rapid changes in technology are bad in most of the ways that count

A spoonful of pickles （腌菜） can sometimes make a meal taste better.Recently，a new type of pickle is being discussed： "digital pickled vegetables".It refers to the videos people watch while eating that make their food more appetizing. The topic received more than 16 million clicks on Sina Weibo and about 100，000 people participated in the discussion.Instead of being accompanied by friends and family during a meal，many young people in China are kept company by TV shows or short videos.Many believe that their food is tastier with the "digital pickles". Can this habit affect your diet？According to a research paper published in 2019，you may eat more unconsciously.The international research team asked 62 volunteers to follow different eating patterns on four different days.The patterns included eating while looking at the mobile phone，reading magazines and without distraction.After analyzing their diets，the team discovered that eating with a distraction increased caloric intake by about 15 percent. To explore the reason，the team also invited two groups of people：one group ate while listening to an audio clip about another person eating and the other listened to a clip that helped them imagine themselves eating.The results showed that the second group ate less since they were more focused on their meals.When eating with the "digital pickles"，our attention can be distracted，which leads to eating more than expected. This works not only for eating meals but other demanding tasks as well.A research project led by the University of Sussex，UK，pointed out that activities which require lots of attention trick many participants into overeating.The team invited 120 participants to do various tasks while providing them with drinks and snacks. "Our study suggests that if you're eating or drinking while your attention is distracted by a highly engaging task，you're less likely to be able to tell how full you feel" one of the authors Martin Yeomans explained.（1）What do "digital pickles" refer to？ ____ A．A new type of vegetables.B．Electronic products popular online.C．Videos people watch while eating.D．Digital games suitable for families.（2）Why do people eat more with "digital pickles' according to the text？ ____ A．They are more focused on their meals.B．They are distracted by "digital pickles".C．The food tastes better with "digital pickles".D．The "digital pickles" make them feel hungrier.（3）What can we learn from the experiment carried out by the research team？ ____ A．It explores the reason why people prefer "digital pickles" while having meals.B．Eating while hearing another person eating can keep one more focused on his meal.C．Eating while imaging oneself eating can keep one more focused on his meal.D．When eating without the "digital pickles"，we are bound to eat less.（4）Why does the author mention a different study in the last paragraph？ ____ A．To give another case that causes overeating.B．To describe the effects of "digital pickles".C．To explain how to judge you are full.D．To present how to avoid being distracted.

【题文】 One night in April, Corey Simmons got on the New York City subway, heading from Manhattan Brooklyn to pick up his son from the boy’s grandmother’s.Simmons knew he needed to open the green folder（文件夹）on his legs, becauseinside lay his son’s math homework that father and son were supposed to complete together.His son, who was in the third grade, had just failed a test on fractions（分数）.Simmons, 40, was never great at math. He remembered little about fractions. He opened the folder and started on a problem, but wasn’t sure if he was doing it correctly. That was when a man got on the subway and sat next to him.“He looked like a teacher or something,” Simmons thought. “He looked like he knew something about math.”Like most New Yorkers, Simmons . But this time, he shared his problem with the stranger. To his surprise, the man offered to help. The two men talked through the man problems. The stranger helped Simmons understand them, so he could later teach his son. The moment was captured by Denise Wilson, who was heading home from her job and saw the pair doing homework. She posted the photo online. “I really love seeing things like this especially in New York,” she wrote. “To be a dad…and put down his pride and learn from a complete stranger… it was really a moving moment.”The 20-minute subway lesson gave Simmons high hopes that his son would pass the next test. “He is going to surprise his teacher,” Simmons said.根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。【小题1】What do you know about Corey from the passage?A．He was good at mathB．He was forty years oldC．He was a father of a girlD．He had a child in Grade Two【小题2】Why did Corey ask the man next to his for help?A．Because he was sure that the man was a teacherB．Because they often met on the subwayC．Because he thought the man knew something about mathD．Because the man talked to him first【小题3】Which of the following can be the best for __ ?A．did not often take the subway to workB．did not learn math a lot at schoolC．did not sleep a lot on the subwayD．did not often talk to others on the subway【小题4】What is the meaning of the underlined word “captured”?A．破坏B．拍摄C．输入D．下载【小题5】What’s the best title of the passage?A．A moving moment on the subwayB．Difficult math problemsC．An important life lessonD．Two good fathers in New York

Bosses in the television industry have been keeping a nervous eye on two Scandinavians with a reputation for causing trouble. In recent years Niklas Zennstrom, a Swede, find Janus Friis, a Dane, have frightened the music industry by inventing KaZaA, a "peer-to-peer" (P2P) file-sharing program that was widely used to download music without paying for it. Then they horrified the mighty telecoms industry by inventing Skype, another P2P program, which lets Internet users make free telephone calls between computers, and very cheap calls to ordinary phones. Their next move was to found yet another start-up -- this time ,one that threatened to devastate(毁坏) the television industry. It may do the opposite, as it turns out. The new service, called Joost and now in advanced testing, is based on P2P software that runs on people’s computers, just like Skype and KaZaA. And it does indeed promise to transform the experience of watching television by combining what people like about old-fashioned TV with the exciting possibilities of the Internet. "But unlike KaZaA and Skype," says Fredrik de Wahl, a Swede whom Mr. Zennstrom and Friis have hired as Joost’s boss," Joost does not disrupt the industry that it is entering. Instead, rather than undercutting television networks and producers, Joost might, as it were, give them new juice. " That is because Mr. de Wahl and his Joost team, working mostly in the Netherlands, have bravely ignored the totems (图腾) of the Internet-video boom. Chief among these fashions is letting users upload anything they want to a video service -- which might include clips of themselves doing odd things (" user-generated content") or, more questionably, videos pirated from other sources. The celebrated example of this approach is You Tube, which is now part of Google, the leader in Internet search. Its big problem, however, is that it can be illegal (if copyright is violated) and terribly hard to turn into a business. On February 2nd Viacom, an American media giant, became the latest company to demand that YouTube remove copyright-infringing (侵犯版权的) clips from its website. YouTube has struck deals with some media firms, including NBC and CBS, to allow their material to appear on its site, and had been trying to thrash out a similar agreement with Viacom. Many observers regard Viacom’s move as a negotiating tactic. But whether YouTube can make money is unclear. Last month Chad Hurley, YouTube’s chief executive, sketched out plans for generating advertising revenues and sharing them with content providers, but so far his firm has none to speak of. Joost is also ignoring the two business models seen as the most respectable alternatives to advertising. One is to make users pay for each television show or film they download, but then to let them keep it. This is the tack chosen by Apple, an electronics firm that sells videos on iTunes, its popular online store; by Amazon, the largest online retailer; and by Wal-Mart, the largest traditional retailer, which launched a video-download service this week. The other approach is to let users subscribe to what is, in effect, an all-you-can-eat buffet of videos, and then to" stream" video to their computers without leaving a permanent copy. This is the approach taken by, for instance, Netflix, a Californian firm that mostly delivers DVDs to its subscribers by post, but now also streams films. The reason that Joost is ignoring all of these methods, says Mr. de Wahl, is that none has much to do with the experience of simply watching TV, which most people enjoy. "Unlike the download or streaming approaches, "he says, "TV is not about buying today what you want to watch tomorrow. It’s about turning it on and watching. "And in contrast to the" lean-forward" context of "snacking" on a YouTube clip in one’s cubicle while the boss has stepped out, TV is a longer and more relaxed "lean-backward" experience. Hence Joost’s most shocking innovation, which is not to change the practices that TV adopted decades ago. It will be free, with advertising breaks ―no more than three minutes per hour -- either before, during or after a show, depending on the market. "Americans," says Mr. de Wahl, "are more tolerant of interruptions." Joost has "channels", like ordinary TV, but these are now playlists of videos that start whenever it is convenient to the viewer. Viewers can import their instant-messaging buddy lists and chat online with friends while watching the same program. For advertisers, such engagement is worth something, because the activity proves that somebody is watching, rather than being asleep or out of the room. Combined with other information, such as the computer’s IP address and hence its location, advertisers will be able to target their spots much more accurately all" Desperate Housewives" fans in a particular neighborhood, for example -- and thus ought to pay a premium. The thing that is missing in this new vision of television, however, is the set itself. Beaming video from a computer to a television is possible: Apple and other firms are starting to sell the necessary gadgets. But until it becomes much easier to connect televisions to the Internet, big media companies are likely to "wait and see" before committing to Joust, says Jeremy Allaire, the boss of Brightcove, a rival Internet video firm based in Massachusetts. In the meantime, Mr. Allaire thinks, media firms are mainly interested in building their own brands, so Brightcove provides content owners with technology to show television on their own websites, syndicate their shows to other websites, track audiences and collect advertising revenue. There is, in short, no consensus about the best way to combine television with the Internet. Instead, there are a variety of experiments, of which Joost is the latest example and YouTube the bestknown. But with telephony, the Internet is unpicking service delivery from network ownership. Joost, YouTube, iTunes and Netflix do not need their own networks to supply their video services: they can rely on fast Internet links provided by others. According to iSuppli, a market-research firm, Internet downloads will claim more than one-third of the market for on-demand video by 2010. So just as Internet telephony has been bad for traditional phone companies, this "Internet bypass" could be bad for the "on demand" video services being offered by cable-TV and telecoms firms over their networks. But by bringing television to more screens, this could provide new models for program-makers to finance their productions and offer advertisers new ways to reach consumers. And so Joost and rival services could end up rejuvenating(使变得年轻) the 75-year-old medium.According to Fredrik de Wahl, what is the difference between Joost and KaZaA Skype A．KaZaA and Skype benefit the domain where they involve.B．KaZaA and Skype do not impact the domain where they involve at all.C．Joost doesn’t threaten the domain where it involves.D．Joost negatively impacts the domain where it involves.

The Different Engine: Rewiring the Brain It’s a question that’s bothered cultural critics for decades:while we know more than ever, are we getting dumber as a result of the increasing amount of technology at our disposal Reading historical debates, and hearing of the attention paid to them by a thoughtful person, certainly makes one wonder. Speaking in the 1820s of the mechanical Difference Engine he had devised for computing polynomial functions, Charles Babbage, the father of the programmable computer and our web-log’s namesake, told the House of Commons: On two occasions I have been asked [by Members of Parliament], "Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out" I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question. Sharp-tongued eloquence---in Latin and Greek as well as their mother tongue---was common fare among Georgians and Victorians lucky enough to have had at least a dozen years of schooling. One wonders how the founders of Facebook, Twitter or YouTube might respond to similarly stale queries tossed at them during congressional testimony. The current debate about intelligence, sparked by Nicholas Carr’s recent and eminently readable "The Shallows", asks what is the Internet doing to our brains Like Susan Jacoby’s "The Age of American Unreason" and Adam Winer’s "How Dumb Are You" earlier in the decade, Mr. Carr tap into the sense of despair among American intellectuals about the country’s poor educational showing when compared with other countries. In reading, mathematics and science, American 15-year-olds languish in the lower half of the OECD rankings for the 30 wealthiest countries. Other English-speaking nations such as Canada, New Zealand, Australia and even Britain are all in the upper quartile (四分之一). South Korea and Japan are in the top decile(十分之一). Such indisputable facts are rightly a concern for policy-makers and parents throughout the United States. But the reasons for the crushing failure of American education--especially at middle-and high- school levels-are well understood, and the corrective measures widely accepted. Implementing them. however, remains as politically tricky as ever. But it is not just the disappointment of seeing a nation’s youth so poorly served. Even more so, an unspoken nostalgic mood for an age when book-learning was the noblest of pursuits has animated the debate about the dumbing down of America. Tellingly, the most tart critics are always middle-aged or older. Among other things, Ms Jacoby blames a rising tide of anti-intellectualism. She notes that the reading of books, newspapers and magazines has declined across the board. The proportion of 17-year olds who read nothing whatsoever (unless required to do so for school)more than doubled between 1984 and 2004--a period that oversaw the rise of personal computers, the Internet and video games. She sighs that the way electronic media, with their demand for spectacle and conciseness, have shortened our attention spans. Sound bites by presidential candidates, she points out, dropped from 42 seconds in 1968 to less than eight seconds by 2000. But things are rarely as they seem. For one thing, e-books barely existed a decade ago, but have exploded in popularity since Amazon introduced its Kindle a few short years back, and a host of rivals rushed in with copycat versions. For many readers, the ability to interact with e-books digitally-- searching them automatically, inserting digital bookmarks, zooming in on the small type-has renderec hardcovers and paperbacks outdated. So much so, e-books are now outselling hardcovers. Perhaps we are witnessing not a decline in book reading but a renaissance. The irony is that had computers been invented before books, we would now be wringing our hands over the loss of multi-media, multi. tasking, computer-gaming skills as our children wasted their time by burying their noses in single-topic paper books. To the specific question that Mr. Carr asks about what the Internet is doing to our brains, the simple answer is that it is making us think and behave differently. Of that, there is no doubt. But that does not mean we are getting dumber in the process. What makes people intelligent is their ability to learn and reason--in short, to adapt and thrive within their environment. That fundamental capacity has not changed in thousands of years, and is unlikely to do so because some new technology come, along, whether television, mobile phones or the Internet. Adaptation to one’s changing surroundings is a different matter. Every new medium introduced since the invention of the printing press has molded our minds in different ways. It would be alarming it it didn’t. Today, confronted with the popularity of the Internet, we need a whole new set of skills to navigate the information-loaded environment we inhabit. In other words, each new set of skills we learn and memories we create builds on our existing mental capacities without changing them in any fundamental way. Still, the Jeremiahs have a point. Their concern is that prolonged use of the Internet--with its, buffet of mouthwatering delicacies of information--is producing a generation of magpie minds, as user, hop from one small bright ornament to another, rarely focusing long enough on any one topic to comprehend it thoroughly. According to this view of the brain, the lack of "deep thinking" lies at the heart of the present generation’s inability to sweat the hard stuff. The problem, says Mr. Carr, is that most of us with access to the web spend at least a couple of hours a day online--and sometimes much more. During that time, we tend to repeat the same or similar actions over and over again. As we go through these motions, the net delivers a steady stream of inputs to our visual, somatosensory (体觉的) and auditory cortices (皮层). There is evidence, the author affirms, that the Internet is damaging people’s long-term memory consolidation that he singles out as the true basis of intelligence. As reasonable as it may sound, such an explanation is markedly different from anything your correspondent has experienced. Perhaps that’s because he, like so many other computer users, spends far less time online than social critics imagine. According to Nielsen, a media research company, Americans with access to the Internet devote around 26 hours a month to online activity--in other words, just 5% of their waking hours. Even then, half that time is taken up with proactive, even creative, activities--social networking, playing games, e-mailing, and instant messaging. Pecking at the despised low-hanging fruit found on Google and other search engines accounts for a tiny 3.5% of the average user’s online time.What does the author say about the failure of American education A. Policy-makers and parents in America are still skeptical of it.B. It is still politically difficult to conduct corrective measures.C. Policy-makers have taken corrective steps to improve it.D. People have widely accepted and taken corrective measures.