41.根据以下材料，回答36-40题Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior，evidence either way is weak，relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that ,in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. They chose this particular behavior for three reasons, according to study co-author Eric Schwitgebel, a philosopher at the University of Califomnia, Riverside: student's attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unknown to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester —nearly 14.000 receipts for almost 500 students.Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors，including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent."That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention" Schwizgebel says. Psychologist Nina Strohminger at the University of Pennsylvania, who was not involved in the study, says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real, she notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go".Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence —— classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile, Schwitzgebel — who had predicted no effect—will be eating his words.Eric Schwitzgebel's previous findings suggest that ethics professors? A.B. A. are seldom critical of their students C.D. B. are less sociable than other professors E.F. C. are not sensitive to political issues G.H. D. are not necessarily ethically better

【单选题】49. ____ that the South African writer John Coetzee won the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2003.A. They're reported B. We're reported C. We're reported D. It's reported

10:44 □1 NS .*1 until 43 00:57 答题卡 作业1 4/10 (单选题,10分) The company is in _ _ difficulties.A. financeB. financialC. moneyD. economical

完形填空 With time flying, people become aged. Then many people even in their middle age often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old friend's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments"． 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) 4 effect on our social and 5 well-being. Neuroscientists—experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive（认知的） 8 . Thinking is basically a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited（继承）. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and wave 12 mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken a 13 step and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and 14 their mental sharpness. The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps a(n) 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback（反馈） 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 changes and improves the games you play to 19 up the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) 20 exercise routine which requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. A. where B. when C. that D. why 2. A. improves B. fades C. recovers D. falls 3. A. If B. Unless C. Once D. While 4. A. irregular B. limited C. damaging D. positive 5. A. personal B. psychological C. mental D. physical 6. A. turns B. finds C. points D. figures 7. A. connection B. responses C. workouts D. associations 8. A. style B. functions C. circumstances D. atmosphere 9. A. steps B. condition C. consequences D. process 10. A. insist B. believe C. succeed D. fail 11. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Otherwise D. However 12. A. according to B. regardless of C. apart from D. instead of 13. A. back B. further C. aside D. around 14. A. regain B. reflect C. review D. respond 15. A. suggests B. makes C. hurries D. allows 16. A. hold B. record C. order D. pace 17. A. to B. with C. for D. about 18. A. irregularly B. habitually C. constantly D. unusually 19. A. carry B. put C. build D. take 20. A. risky B. effective C. meaningless D. familiar

All of the following are characteristics of job design EXCEPT（ ）.A. Lists qualifications for the jobB. Outlines job responsibilitiesC. Consists of a written documentD. Describes job tasksE. Provides salary and benefit information

翻译题take effective measures

Unfortunately, life isn’t like that, and the role of lifestyle and diet in diseases has been greatly exaggerated. Many people’s lives have been made a misery by faddish, short-term, impractical and ultimately useless diets – and others have become very rich. Diseases are due to our ancient natural defence mechanisms either breaking down under stress or overreacting to our environment. We all inherit these defences from our ancestors through the transfer of genes. Many modern diseases are due to a crucial interaction between our ancient genes and recent changes to our environment and lifestyle – which they weren’t designed to cope with. A good example we shall explore later is being fat: Genes that allowed you to maintain weight in times of hardship were a great advantage, but, now we are surrounded by too much food, they can be a major disadvantage. If you know at an early age that you are predisposed to obesity, avoiding certain foods and knowing you need to burn more calories could prevent the weight gain that may change your body’s metabolism forever. Overall, your family history is an infinitely better indicator of your future risks of disease than how many carrots or vitamins you eat per week.The word “faddish” (Para. 2) probably means ________.A. convenient to cookB. widely-known and acceptedC. very healthyD. fashionable only for a short time

Wave height refers to the vertical distance from _ ()A. trough to crestB. crest to crestC. trough to troughD. crest to sea bottom

剩余时间:01:58:21 6/100 单选题(共60题，共60分) Direction:Please choose the correct answer from the four choices for each sentence. Each choice can be used only once. 7[单选题，1分] 反馈 A month ago I wrote to the store complaining about its bad service, but I haven't gotten a(n)_ yet. A scenery B response C machinery D representatives 上一题 答题卡 下一题

6. (2.0分) One topic has dominated the health concerns of the world since the late 1980s: AIDS.A 对B 错A. 对B. 错